According to the endosymbiosis theory _____ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells.Multiple choice question.A)mitochondriaB)Golgi apparatusC)lysosomesD)ribosomes
It is thought that life arose on earth around four billion years ago. The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in today's eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. In this theory, the first eukaryotic cell was probably an amoeba-like cell that got nutrients by phagocytosis and contained a nucleus that formed when a piece of the cytoplasmic membrane pinched off around the chromosomes. Some of these amoeba-like organisms ingested prokaryotic cells that then survived within the organism and developed a symbiotic relationship. Mitochondria formed when bacteria capable of aerobic respiration were ingested; chloroplasts formed when photosynthetic bacteria were ingested. They eventually lost their cell wall and much of their DNA because they were not of benefit within the host cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot grow outside their host cell. Evidence for this is based on the following:
Although evidence is less convincing, it is also possible that flagella and cilia may have come from spirochetes.
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chlopoplasts in today's eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to the DNA of Possible Answers:
Explanation: Bacteria, a prokaryote, has circular DNA, as do mitochondria and chloroplasts. This provides support for the Endosymbiotic Theory, which states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).
Reproduction of chloroplasts and mitochondria occurs via Possible Answers:
Fission-like process, similar to the reproduction process of eukaryotes
Fission-like process, similar to the reproduction process of bacteria
Correct answer: Fission-like process, similar to the reproduction process of bacteria Explanation: Chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce through fission, the same process through which bacteria reproduce. Eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis or meiosis, depending upon the type of cell.
Supporting the Endosymbiotic Theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts have a _________ membrane. Possible Answers:
Explanation: The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane (the inner membrane would have initially been the ingested prokaryote’s single membrane).
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes that are ___, similar to __ cells. Possible Answers:
Correct answer: 70 S, prokaryotic Explanation: Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes, whereas eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes. This provides support for the Endosymbiotic Theory, which states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote).
The Endosymbiotic Theory posits that, before being engulfed by a eukaryotic cell, they were Possible Answers:
Correct answer: Free-living prokaryotes Explanation: The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). The aerobic bacteria were initially free-living prokaryotes, before being ingested by anaerobic bacteria.
Which of the following is NOT evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory? Possible Answers:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a single membrane
Correct answer: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a single membrane Explanation: The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells. Numerous lines of evidence exist, including that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA (prokaryotes also have circular DNA), mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane (the inner membrane would have initially been the ingested prokaryote’s single membrane, and the outer membrane initially would have come from the cell that engulfed it), mitochondria and chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes (prokaryotes 70S have ribosomes, whereas eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes).
Roshni
Virginia Commonwealth University, Bachelor of Science, Biology, General.
Nicole
University of Oregon, Bachelor of Science, Biology, General.
Shawn
Boston University, Bachelor of Science, Human Physiology. Boston University School of Medicine, Doctor of Medicine, Medicine.
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